Costal Features Along Maracas Bay

Tides often determine the range over which sediment is deposited or eroded. Areas with high tidal ranges allow waves to reach farther up the shore, and areas with lower tidal ranges produce deprossosition at a smaller elevation interval. The tidal range is influenced by the size and shape of the coastline. Tides do not typically cause erosion by themselves; however, tidal bores can erode as the waves surge up river estuaries from the ocean. [3] Waves erode coastline as they break on shore releasing their energy; the larger the wave the more energy it releases and the more sediment it moves.Coastlines with longer shores have more room for the waves to disperse their energy, while coasts with cliffs and short shore faces give little room for the wave energy to be dispersed. In these areas the wave energy breaking against the cliffs is higher, and air and water are compressed into cracks in the rock, forcing the rock apart, breaking it down. Sediment deposited by waves comes from eroded cliff faces and is moved along the coastline by the waves. This forms an abrasion or cliffed coast. Sediment deposited by rivers is the dominant influence on the amount of sediment located on a coastline. 4] Today riverine deposition at the coast is often blocked by dams and other human regulatory devices, which remove the sediment from the stream by causing it to be deposited inland. Like the ocean which shapes them, coasts are a dynamic environment with constant change. The Earth's natural processes, particularly sea level rises, waves and various weather phenomena, have resulted in the erosion, accretion and reshaping of coasts as well as flooding and creation of continental shelves and drowned river valleys

Chemistry Assignment Essay

Metals are mined from ores, considering yield to see if it is economically viable for a business to mine at a particular site. However, due to environmental damage and global warming, recycling has increased globally to create a sustainable future. By examining the cost and energy expenditure of recycling and extracting aluminium we can understand why recycling is a better choice than extracting metal from its ore. Discuss the importance of predicting yield in the identification, mining and extraction of commercial ore deposits Yield is the amount of product obtained or in mining terms how much (amount) a particular metal can be extracted from an ore (a deposit of minerals in which a commercial metal can be extracted from). Predicting yield in the processes of identification, mining and extraction is vital to the success of a business. For a business to compete with the global markets, the investment must be profitable and in some cases sustainable to last year’s into the future. Percentage composition is used widely in the mining industries to calculate and measure the yield of particular metal from an ore. For example, haematite (Fe2O3), a compound consisting only of iron and oxygen, can theoretically produce around 70% iron while chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), consisting only of copper, iron and sulphur can produce theoretically 35% copper. However if we express yield as a percentage of the ore dug out, an iron ore would only contain about 16% iron and for a copper ore only contain 1-5% copper. This is because an ore dug out of the ground contains unwanted minerals like dirt, rocks and other waste products which add to the mass of the required mineral ;giving a low yield percentage. Since compounds like chalcopyrite and haematite have uniform composition, ores are mixtures of useful minerals and other waste products which have variable composition (different location will yield different amounts of metals). This will affect if it is economical to mine the ore at a particular location and hence demonstrate that predicting yield is important. Predicting yield in the process of mining and extraction is important, whether extracting the metal from the ore or actually mining it, because it can determine if it is profitable or not. Extraction techniques must be efficient and sustainable. Copper is extracted through roasting it with oxygen before smelting it to form liquid copper. It is then reduced by bubbling air into the liquid copper to reduce copper sulphide to copper metal. Since this sulphur dioxide doesn’t escape fast enough, it forms blister copper with is 98% copper. Electrolysis is used to refine it. Due the significant amount of energy required and the cost involved it may seem copper is unprofitable. Yet if the copper price is high, the consumption is high, location is not far from refinery plants and factories that use copper, if there is a steady sustainable source(abundance) of copper ore and the extraction technique is efficient plus cost effective then a profit can be gained from the high cost of extraction, transport and the money needed to pay for the energy consumption. For a copper ore site to be economical it must contain at least 5% of copper or more. Haematite is extracted through reducing it with carbon monoxide to form iron (metal) which falls to the bottom of the blast furnace. Limestone is also heated in the blast furnace which decomposes and reacts with silica to form a slag that floats on the liquid iron, hence stopping iron from reacting with oxygen. High heat is needed to separate iron from oxygen since iron is reactive to oxygen and sand and limestone is needed to prevent the union of these two elements. Hence for haematite to be economically viable an ore must contain at least 20% iron as the energy needed to extract the metal is large and the world’s demand for iron is great. Since iron ore price is relatively high, a profit can be obtained from deposits of iron ore that contain more than 20% of iron. Hence predicting the yield of ore deposits is important to determine if it is profitable to mine. Justify the increased recycling of metals in our society and across the World Recycling is a process that changes waste materials into new products. In recent years, recycling of metals has increased dramatically in Australia and across the world. This is because we are more aware that recycling metals saves money, energy and causes far less pollution compared to extracting metals from ores. This is also spurred on by the fact that our metal ore deposits are depleting (going to run out) if we mine and extract metals at this rate. Hence recycling has been encouraged by organisation like Planet Ark and this has helped spread the message of the benefits of recycling instead of putting money into extracting and mining ores. ‘Reusing and recycling’ metals allow us to conserve these precious commodities so it would be available for the future generation. Demand for metals will increase as new technology will be discovered. Hence recycling is needed to return back old and useless appliance so it can be made it new useful products. Figure 1: It shows froth floatation Note: The vast amount of water used during the process Generally recycling metals use less energy (melting material requires the breaking of weak intermolecular bonds), water and cost less (less energy is needed to break the intermolecular bonds hence the cost will be minimised and new products with recycled material would be cheaper). Energy used in metal extraction comes from coal, oil or gas (as high temperatures are needed to break strong Intramolecular bonds). These fuels are non-renewable and are limited. It also releases large amounts of greenhouse gases when burnt which can cause global warming. Water is used extensively in mining during froth floatation (figure 1). This water can be better spent for human consumption as some countries are experiencing drought and this can cause famine (Africa). Also, harmful chemicals used in the extraction of some metals can seep into the soil and water making it toxic to fauna, flora and humans (figure 1. 1). Figure 1. 1: Acid mine water pollution For example, Bauxite (aluminium ore) is mined near tropical forest. This can cause irreversible damage to the environment as natural vegetation is destroyed, leaving soil bare and subjected to erosion. It can scar the land(figure 2)(removing so much soil and rock that leaves a gigantic hole in the landscape) and since many chemical process need to take place before aluminium is extracted, slag (unwanted metals) are left behind and pollutants are released into the atmosphere adding to global warming. Figure 2: Shows a mine that is extracting metals Note: The extensive invasion of the land and that it is irreversible. But recycling aluminium on the other hand doesn’t scar the land. Little to no pollution occurs and natural vegetation and fauna are not disrupted. Large amounts of rubbish are no produced and water is not needed. For every 1 tonne of aluminium that is recycled, 5 tonne of bauxite is conserved. Metals make up a small percentage of the ore. A large percentage of the ore is the gangue (consisting of dirt, sand and other material) which ends up in landfills. This reduces the space for cities to expand, limiting the number of farms and communities that can be developed and cause overcrowding. Recycling metals doesn’t take up space; hence reduces landfill, as scrap metals are mostly recycled back to make new products. Since ores are non-renewable resources (created by the Big bang and there is no way of returning it to Earth’s crust) it is conserved, reducing the amount of mines opened and environmental impacts that it is associated with. As ores high in metal concentration decrease, the cost of processing ever less pure ores increase. To compensate for the increase in less pure ores, more must be mined. This increases the price of ores making it a valuable resource which is expensive to the consumer. Recycling metals helps to lower the prices of these ores, as the metal is reused without having to mine for new ores. Metals are used worldwide for a variety of purposes from soft drink cans to aircraft bodies. Australia has recycled 63% of aluminium cans; nearly two billion cans a year with a total value estimated to be 33 million dollars. America has recycled in excess of 62. 6 billion cans in the year 2004, worth more than one billion dollars back into the economy. Since recycled aluminium is exported to other countries, Australia benefits as it generate large amounts of money; positively impacting on Australia economy and its benefit flowing into society. However, recycling can only be done if used material is collected from scattered location. The ore on the other hand is confined to one location (the mining site); where factories are often close by to produce products from the freshly extracted metals. But once the product hits the shelves it is scattered across many different countries and throughout communities. It is hard to keep track of all these products as some end up in landfill, waterways or in the people’s backyard. Collecting used material for recycling would cost money as trucks are needed to transport scrap metal to recycling centres. Hence energy (fuel) is needed to operate this machinery. In recent years (figure3), the media has focused on recycling aluminium drink cans because they are widely used and commonly dispersed inappropriately throughout the community. E. g. In waterways, storm drains and in the ocean. Recycling of others metal like iron, steel, copper and lead have always been significant but never reported as it is mainly used at an industrial/commercial level rather than by consumers. However since iron rust, it can be returned to the environment, but aluminium doesn’t corrode (if it does, it forms an oxide layer that actually protects it from further oxidation) it ends up in landfill; taking up space. The only way to ‘get rid of it’ is to recycle it so it can be made into new products. Notice that recycling of lead and ferrous materials have decreased Figure 3: Shows recycling metals Notice that when metals are recycled they can be reused to make different products. Recycling is a sustainable process, saving the environment from pollution, money, conserving natural resources and reduces landfill. Energy is also reduced as recycling requires less energy than extracting a metal from its ore. This will ensure that future generations will be able to enjoy a better standard of living. Analyse information to compare the cost and energy expenditure involved in the extraction of aluminium from its ore and the recycling of aluminium The recycling of aluminium is cost-effective and uses less energy compared to extraction of aluminium from bauxite. To extract bauxite, land must be cleared for mining. Heavy equipment like bulldozers, hydraulic excavators and explosives are used to clear and mine the ore. These equipment cost considerable amount of money and use vast amount of energy (fuel) to operate. Transporting trucks, ships, railway cars are used to transport ores to extracting facilities or shipped to other countries; cost money and again energy (fuel) is needed to power these machines. Notice the size of the person compared to the truck.

Pyramids Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pyramids - Research Paper Example In contrast the physical appearance of the Mesoamerican pyramids does not satisfy the geometrical attributes of a true pyramid. Moreover, the Mesoamerican pyramids happen to be truncated at the top (Jennings 56). The Egyptian pyramids do happen to have plain exteriors, while in many of the Mesoamerican pyramids, the exteriors are embellished with the sculptures and figurines representing the deities from Mesoamerican pantheon. As per the opinion of most of the archeologists, the time of construction of the Egyptian pyramids is placed between the period 2700 BC and 2100 BC (Tignor 38). The Egyptologists hold that the Pyramid of Cheops was constructed around 2450 BC (Tignor 38). The Mesoamerican pyramids in contrast belong to a more recent time period, believed to have been contrived between 100 BC and 300 AD (Jennings 44). Thereby the Egyptian and the Mesoamerican pyramids are separated by a time gap of nearly 2000 years. The other big difference between the pyramids attributed to these two civilizations lies in their manner of construction. The Egyptians mostly used the cut stone quarried from the sources around the Nile valley, sometimes happening to be hundreds of miles distant from the actual construction site to construct and decorate their pyramids (Stocks 63). The architectural technique resorted to by the Egyptians that relied only on the cut and finished stones enabled them to build pyramids that were highly stable and sturdy and could stay intact for centuries. The Egyptian pyramids were primarily constructed as an eternal abode for the body of the dead pharaohs who were considered to be gods (Tignor 75). The high rising Egyptian pyramids symbolized the accent of the pharaohs to the afterlife. The inner chambers of the Egyptian pyramids held the possessions and the things that were dear to the dead pharaoh or were considered to be necessary

The Death Penalty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Death Penalty - Research Paper Example Summary of the major issues, concepts and distinctionsThe death penalty is not a new phenomenon in the society, and it has been in existence over the last decades. Even today, many nations still practice death penalty including the US, who believes to be the human rights advocates. This was witnessed when it hanged the Iranian president, Saddam Hussein. There are still lingering and unanswered question regarding the death penalty. Many people believe that the continuous existence of death penalty in the 21st century compromises the role of the justice system. For instance, the justice system was established with the desire for rehabilitation but not retribution (Norman, 1995). Therefore, it is unconvincing to kill a convict because the justice system has made a judgment. To many people, the death penalty is immoral and unethical. Life is un-alienated right that everyone should enjoy. Hence, human rights activists believe that taking ones right more so natural right is immoral and une thical.The justice system of any nation has a role of rehabilitating the offenders so that they don't repeat the same crime. Because of this, the convicts are given another new chance to re-evaluate themselves and start a new life. Imposing death penalty on criminals is an indication of failed justice system as it is an unethical practice. As much as a person who commits capital offenses deserves capital punishment, the death penalty is harsh and compromises the role of humanity as well as natural rights (Norman, 1995).

Summary Paper over Getting Real in the Classroom by Ellen Goodman Essay

Summary Paper over Getting Real in the Classroom by Ellen Goodman - Essay Example As Goodman puts it, they offered â€Å"a horror story† of the boys academic fall, presenting various incontestable evidences. Actually, the problem is that boys fall behind girls. This has given ground for discussion of the issue from the prospective of feminism and sexism, brain studies and genetic biology, all of them proving that something is wrong with males in this country. As a result Doug Anglin, a senior from Milton High School in Massachusetts, even filed a lawsuit against sex discrimination in the whole system. Goodman does not agree with Anglin’s claim. The author of this paper supports him with both hands. It is a well known fact that boys face problems in learning, while it is against their nature to sit still listening carefully and following all the teacher’s demands. Females are too timid to violate rules. Males often abandon some subject for the sake of their special individual interests. For instance, some of my male classmates were interested i n electronics and cars, others in politics, history or physics, and those interests were pursued instead of learning the academic program. As the result, when graduating males usually possess knowledge making them specialists in some field and enabling them to earn money, while females can do almost nothing but fulfill teachers’ and academic requirements. Teachers often curse their male students instead of paying special attention to their personalities. Perhaps, the problem is not in students, but in grown-ups teaching them. In respond to all the disturbing studies, Washington carried out a crisis intervention claiming that, in fact, those are not boys who are doing worse, but girls who are doing better. The boys have shown better results recently. The report also informed that girls tend to score higher in reading and writing, while boys are better in math and science. Yet, Goodman finds danger in these facts. Girls close their math gap faster than

Benchmark Analysis Comparing the AMD 910e and Intel 2400s Processors Essay

Benchmark Analysis Comparing the AMD 910e and Intel 2400s Processors - Essay Example For example, businesses require processors with appropriate architecture that will allow a maximum use of their IT environment, yet stable at the same time (Moore p. 169). For this paper, two of the stiffest competitors in microprocessor manufacturing will be featured: Intel with its Core i5-2400S, and; AMD’s Phenom II X4 910e. These processors were launched in the market in 2011 January and 2010 January, respectively. Table 1 shows the comparative specifications of these two processors. The Benchmarks and their Analysis A. Integer Math Test This test measures the speed and capacity of a processor to perform mathematical non-fractional numbers operations by using random 32-bit and 64-bit integers for basic mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, division and multiplication at integer buffers of 240kb per core (CPU Benchmark 2010). Intel Core i5-2400S: 28456 MHz AMD 910e: 18925 MHz In the above stats, Intel Core i5-2400S was tested using AIDA64-CPU Queen, which p erforms a high memory read/write traffic and therefore not ideal for more than a single thread system because of the possibility of creating a bottleneck leading to low scores (Vortez2011). AMD 910e was tested using the Everest Ultimate Edition (higher is better), using Vincent Rijmen, Antoon Bosselaers and Pablo Barreto’s public domain C code in ECB mode, which uses 48MB memory and fundamental x36 instructions (Wu 2010, p. 7). B. Compression Test Using memory buffers of 16kb per core, the compression test gauges how fast a processor can compress large blocks of data into smaller ones without any original data being lost in the process. The ability to compress is an important function in software application. The result of this test is in kb/second (CPU Benchmark 2010). Intel Core i5-2400S: 125 kb/sec AMD 910e: 133 kb/sec Intel Core i5-2400S was tested using the WinRAR 4.0 utility (Gavrichenkov 2011, p.4) while the AMD was tested using the WinRar Workload utility where data i s randomly generated containing deliberately introduced redundancy to increase the load in the CPU and memory. The algorithm then compresses and decompresses the data (Wu p. 5). C. Prime Number Test The Prime Number Test gauges the speed of the processor in searching for prime numbers or numbers that are divisible only by 1 and by itself such as the numbers 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. The algorithm used for this operation uses the same loops and operations that are standard in most computers without any memory buffer (CPU Benchmark 2010). D. Encryption Test This test gauges the speed of the computer to encrypt blocks of data, an operation employed by users to store data, which can be accessed only by the user with the encryption key. It uses the blowfish algorithm and shares many of the operations used in the math test except for the large binary data manipulation and mathematical operations such as ‘to the power of’ (CPU Benchmark 2010). Intel Core i5-2400S: 372733 (traditio nal DES) AMD 910e: 93.4 The Intel 2400S was tested with John the Ripper v1.7.8, which uses the blowfish algorithm (OpenBenchMarking 2011), while the AMD 910e was tested using TrueCrypt, which is an open-source encryption package. Two hundred MB was used to run the utility that gives back an AES-Twofish-Serpent mean score. E. Floating Point Math Test A similar test to the integer math test, the floating point test measures the speed of a processor to perform basic mathematical oper

Aacounting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aacounting - Assignment Example From the analysis of the working capital, one can make a conclusion that the company is doing well because the working capital position of the company has improved from the 2005 to 2006. The current ratio is a measure that is used to show the ability of a company to clear its short term debts by the use of current assets. The preferred current ratio is usually 2:1 or 1.5: 1 depending on the industry that the company is found. The company is improving in performance and that shows that the company will be able to cater for its short term obligations. However, in comparison with the industry’s average, the company is performing the average. That means that the company has potential that it can exploit so as to be in the same level as the industry players and that would contribute to the success of the company because more investors would be attracted. The acid test ratio is used to show the ability of a company to clear its short term debts with the use of current assets but excluding inventory. Inventory may at times not be liquid and that means that it cannot be f much help in a short duration of necessity. The ratios also signify the ability of the company to cater for its short term obligation using current assts. The acid test ratio for the company is also not within the industry’s average. However, the company has made significant progress and that implies that if the trend continues, the company will be able to match the industry’s average. The return on equity is the rate at which the company is able to utilize the shareholders funds. The rate should be favorable so as to ensure that the company shareholders get a reason to always do business with the company. It shows the amount of net income that is usually returned as a percentage of the equity contributed by shareholders. The ratio is useful in the measurements of the profitability of a company because it

HRD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HRD - Assignment Example It is important to note from the interview that this profession requires some patience on the part of the person and resilience that many other positions in the organization may not have. Being a human resources manager is not a job that one comes to be over night but it takes some time as one rises up the ladder of leadership. Since this assignment has to deal with the personnel which are basically a social society of people, a manager need to learn to know the psychology of various people. This will influence his mode of actions in the line of duty can be consistent with social norms. To become an established Human resource professional, the career has to be built with time from a junior level so that experience is gained with time over the observed behavior of people in the workplace so that one is in a position to deal with workers in various social circumstances. The length of time one stays with the organization as learnt from Mr. Ali who has worked with the department for over 15 years reveals some positive correlation with performance. Human resource development must be undertaken in line with the tradition of the organization and this simply means that it will take person practicing this career to take some time with the organization to learn how the workers mentality is tied to the existing culture. It is important to note that various organizations have varied cultural beliefs and this significantly influence the conduct of workers and their productivity. It is a profession that requires relatively lengthy attachment with a given organization so that one continually learn how to incorporate interpersonal skills into the management method and it is always appropriate that most of the organizations groom one for at least five years with intensive on job training and a number of seminars and conferences that would strengthen the understan ding of the managers. Various

Recommendations for Reducing Inconsiderate Partying in the UDR Apartme Research Paper - 1

Recommendations for Reducing Inconsiderate Partying in the UDR Apartment through a A No-Inconsiderate-Partying Contract - Research Paper Example A No-Inconsiderate-Partying (NIP) contract is recommended because it can effectively and efficiently prevent and resolve insensitive parties in the UDR apartment. The contract will have a section on empathy, designation of quiet hours, a recommendation of other outlets where renters can party, and sanctions for violators, including cancellation of the lease. I also suggest a party room for every floor and enhancement of the soundproof quality of all rooms. These are more costly suggestions but they can increase profits and improve the living experience and brand equity. Hence, the most cost-efficient and effective is the No-Inconsiderate-Partying (NIP) contract that has high management and renter acceptability and sustainability. I am a recurring victim of inconsiderate partying in the UDR apartment at Domain College Park. Some of the renters here party up to 3 a.m. during weekdays. Though the apartment has students and employees renters alike, many renters are actually students since this apartment is in College Park, and this really makes it more inconceivable how they can be quite insensitive to the sleep and studying needs of other students like them. I could not always tell them to lower their noises because I am afraid of dealing with drunken adolescents and adults and because there have been times when I told them to lower their noise, which they did for a few minutes, and then they increased the noise again. I have gone to the apartment staff of the UDR apartment at Domain College Park to complain about these party noises. The staff stressed that they have a â€Å"no-party† policy and that they would remind the room’s  inhabitants about it.   These partying noises continue up to now.    Clearly, the no-party policy is not effective in deterring or resolving insensitive partiers.  Ã‚  

Airbus A3XX Production Essay Example for Free

Airbus A3XX Production Essay Should Airbus proceed with the new model?Yes. The A3XX will constitute a new family of bigger and better aircraft with a high degree of common operational characteristics, particularly in the cockpit design, in accordance with Airbuss philosophy. For the first time, the airline companies will be able to provide much more room than has ever been available. Passengers will be more comfortable and the operating costs will be between 12 and 20% lower than those of the current B-747. The A3XX is the solution to the problem of growing demand for air travel, which is expected to triple over the next twenty years. At the same time, it is the most efficient solution since a greater number of passengers can be carried without there being the need to build new airports. Moreover, it is quieter than any current passenger plane so that it will be perceived as a good neighbor. As it is mentioned on the case, the first version of the A3XX will have 555 seats in three classes and a range of between 14,200 and 16,200 km. This plane will be the first passenger aircraft with four aisles, two on the main deck and two on the upper deck and there will be two stairways to ensure easy passenger flow during boarding and disembarkation. These factors would definitely differentiate the new A3XX from the current B-747. Likewise, great efforts have been made to ensure that the A3XX can be used on existing airport runways, taxi strips and parking areas, with minimal modifications that can be rapidly introduced into the normal evolution of the airport. Furthermore, with a wing span of 79 m and a maximum length of 77 m, the A3XX will be able to taxi within the 80 m x 80 m box that has been adopted as standard for the worlds major airports. The A3XX will also have the potential for increasing its capacity and range. Freight and combo versions are planned, as are short range smaller versions. The A3XXs wider and more spacious cabin mean a versatile fuselage section that will allow airline companies to incorporate any configuration within the three decks. With the A3XX, Airbus Industry is ensuring its position as a key market player and will provide airline companies with an alternative to the  monopoly that has existed for so long. How should they price it relative to Boeings offerings?Taking into account the many advantages that the new A3XX is expected to have compared to Boeing 474, Airbus should price it higher. Airbus (A3XX)1.If every works as planned Airbus would become the worlds largest passenger plane producer. 2.After produced the new superjumbo would have capacity for 500 to 840 passenger, and 555 in 3-class configuration compare to Boeing 747. 3.It promises a maximum speed of 0.89 (652mph)-New York to Hong Kong in 12h 21m-New York to London in 5h 18m4.The new model expects to lower the fuel burn by 13% compare to 747 and is expected to be the first long-haul plane to consume less than 3 litres of fuel per passenger over 100 km as efficient as an average family car. 5.Cabin promises to be configured to include cocktail bars, double debs and mini-casinos. 6.It promises a 35% increase in passenger capacity over the 747 in standard 3-class configuration, alogn with a neraly 50% larger cabin volume. Boeing (747)1.After the launch of the new A3XX, Boeing would not longer be the worlds top passenger jet maker and its 30 years domination in the sales of the large passenger jetliner market would be lost to Airbuss new superjumbo. 2.The Boeing 747 has capacity for 400 to 500, and 450 in 3-class configuration compare to the new A3XX. 3.Current maximum speed of 0.86 (630mph)-New York to Hong Kong in 12h 47m-New York to London in 5h 29m4.Fuel efficent and has low operating costs. It provides a marginal costs of 19%. 5.It can use existing airport infrastructure and ground support equipment. 6.It produces lower emissions, and achive better fuel economy than any competing jetliner References http://www.superjumboa380.com/html/airbus_vs_boeing/index.shtml

Biological Sciences Task Cells Biology Essay

Biological Sciences Task Cells Biology Essay Cells are grouped to form tissues, and each of them has specialised role. Our body develops from a cell known as the zygote that is the consequences of the fusion of the female ovum (egg cell) and the spermatozoon of the male (germ cell). Single cells are very tiny and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Cell types are distinguished by their dye (colouring) and by their shape and size. Cells consist of plasma membrane within which is number of organelles. Nucleus: it is a small electron particles composed of ribosomal RNA. The nucleus contains our bodys genetic substance that is in the form of large molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). There are dozens of DNA molecules called chromosomes. The molecule of DNA is a series of nucleotide molecules known as proteins, and are connected by phosphate-sugar molecules. The nucleotide molecules contain one of the following materials known as bases: adenine (A), thiamine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C). The bases are in set pattern; an in one chain is matching with T in the other and G with C. In this order of arrangement, each chain is complementary to the other. Every cell has the total match of genes needed to synthesise all the proteins, but majority of cells merely synthesise proteins that are suitable for their functions. It means enzymes can only be produced if the controlling gene is present, and when gene is missing, the linked enzyme is missing and there will be no chemical change. The RNA is responsible for the transfer of information from DNA to the cytoplasm where proteins are synthesised. Genetic information passes from DNA to RNA encouraging protein synthesis. (Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed, 1990). Cell membrane: it is the most important organelle; it holds and keeps the cell intact. Cell membrane is moveable, and it moves along narrow passage. It is made up of phospholipids bilayers (two molecule layers), and has hydrophilic heads which are soluble in water and hydrophobic tails which are not soluble in water. The head has lipid molecules and a phosphate group (PO4) at the end. The apex and underneath layers of the membrane have stems that are facing each other. It also has proteins of which some are with carbohydrate. The cell membrane has 4 major functions, which are to maintain homeostasis, control the materials that can go in and out of the cell, and hold the cell together. (Cdli.ca, 2010) Cytoplasm: it is the basic substance that fills the cell, a fluid jelly-like substance that is eight percent (8%) water and typically plain in colour. Cytoplasm is also called cytosol (cell substance). It is found within the cell membrane and surrounds the nuclear cover and the cytoplasmic organelles. It is a substance that is made up of molecules and in which all the cells organelles are suspended and held as one by a fatty membrane. Cytoplasm can only be seen through an electron microscope, and it comes into view as a three dimensional lattice protein rich strands called microtrabecular lattice (MTL). It interconnects and holds other hard (solid) structure in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasm helps to move substances and it changes shape as it moves. (sln.fi.edu, 2010). Task 1.2 Explain the structure and function of the main cellular organelles. Nucleus: they are small electron particles that have ribosomal RNA. The RNA is responsible for the transfer of information from DNA to the cytoplasm where proteins are synthesised. Genetic information passes from DNA to RNA encouraging protein synthesis. (Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed, 1990). Cell membrane: it is a sphere-shaped structure, and it is rich in ribosomal RNA and protein. It surrounds the contents of the cell and controls the flow of materials into and out of the cell. (HUMAN BODY, 2001). Mitochondria: it contains varieties of organelles, e.g, mitochondria and lysosomes. They are found in the cytoplasm and sometimes referred to as the power house of the cell. It produces a material known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which carries energy in all cells. (Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed, 1990), (HUMAN BODY, 2001) Endoplasmic reticulum: it contains DNA and synthesises specialised proteins, e.g., muscle protein and steroid hormones, and it is linked with detoxification (process of removing a toxic substance) of some drugs. Endoplasmic reticulum is dotted with ribosomes, which consist of RNA. It helps to transport substances through the cell. (Anatomy and Physiology, 7th ed, 1990), (HUMAN BODY, 2001) Nucleolus: a tiny structure that is inside the nucleus. It permits the transportation of water-soluble molecules across the nucleus. Golgi complex: a heap of compressed sacs. It receive and process protein, the proteins are made to order and then released at the cell membrane. (HUMAN BODY, 2001) Lysosomes: potent enzymes; they mortify dangerous substances that is in the cell, and also dispose of other unwanted materials and weary organelles. (HUMAN BODY, 2001) Ribosome: they are tiny granular structure, and they play major role in the gathering of proteins. (HUMAN BODY, 2001) Nuclear pores: a membrane bound vesicle; plays a part in cellular digestive system. Task 1.3 Describe the role of nucleic acids in protein synthesis. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic substance from which chromosomes in cells nucleus are formed, and it controls protein synthesis and inheritance (transmission of genetically controlled characteristics). Protein synthesis begins when the DNA coils provisionally relax at exact points. In the nucleus a doubled strand of DNA temporarily partly untwists. Transcription, which is the copying of the nucleus bases on one strand of DNA, begins to happen. Free bases match with those on DNA; adenine joins with thymine, guanine with cytosine, uracil substitutes thymine and joins with adenine. Forming a strand of messenger RNA. A completed strand of messenger RNA separates from the DNA, which twists back into place. The messenger RNA leaves the nucleus carrying the code for a protein into the cytoplasm. The messenger RNA with its series of codons (units of three nucleotides) for amino acids, attaches to a ribosome and translation starts. Translation, the sequencing of amino acids happens when free tRNA with its anticodon (units of three nucleotides) from the cytoplasm matches up and links to mRNA. When second tRNA joins, a peptide bond links the two amino acids at the ends of tRNA together, starting a peptide chain. The first tRNA separates leaving its amino acid behind. The ribosome moves along the mRNA reading the code. A third tRNA joins and the next amino acid is connected by another peptide bond. The synthesis continues until a stop or termination codon completes the process and the assembled polypeptide or protein is released. (HUMAN BODY, 2001). Task 2.1 Describe the structure and function of the cell membrane. Image of Cell membrane (lamp.tu, 2010). Cell membrane consists of a bilayer (two layers of molecules) of phospholipid (head and two tails) that is surrounded with mobile proteins. The phosphate head of phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the fatty acid tails are hydrophobic. The membrane structure depends on fatty acids molecules (lipids) in other to spread on the water surface. It is only one end of the lipid molecule that is attracted by water and the whole hydrocarbon tail is hydrophobic. The molecules form a monomolecular film on the water surface and scatter as very small droplets (drop of liquid). Fatty acids are able to support a double lipid bilayer when it is paired. Fatty acids in membranes are paired as phospholipids and glycolipids, joining saturated and unsaturated chains. Phospholipids are plentiful in membranes and glycerol, and are usually at the main structure. The fatty acid membrane is the storage place of the cell, it protects its content from dispersing casually, and it also permits control of the internal environment. Two lipid layers adhere to one another, in a double membrane, while it exposes water-soluble heads. Lipid molecules are free to glide in their layer. Common polar groups are ethanolamine, serine and choline. Sphingolipids are phospholipids with serine, their saturated hydrocarbon tails are usually longer and straighter than other membrane lipids, and it allows them cluster into rafts, which floats inside the membrane. Glycolipids are restricted to the external layer of the cell membrane. They are constructed like phospholipids, but the serine substitutes glycerol. Polar sugar chains might extend outside from the glycolipid molecules. Cholesterol straightens membranes by reducing fluidity of lipid. Rafts in particular, are rich in cholesterol. Tiny molecules that are soluble in oils, easily pass through the lipid bilayer, and they are O2 (oxygen) and CO2 (carbon dioxide). The lipid bilayers present a solid barrier to ions and other small molecules. The larger molecules do not have any chance of passing through lipid bilayers. The larger molecules are H+ (hydrogen), Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), Mg+ (magnesium), Ca+ (calcium), Cl+ (chlorine) and H2O (water). Membrane proteins has major role in determining what goes in and out of the cell. They detect and bind specified molecules, and then move them through the membrane barrier. About a half of the membrane has protein chains, the amount might be less in nerve cells because the membranes are rich in complex fatty acids. About a third of the cells genetic substance (DNA) codes for membrane proteins show their importance to the cell. Proteins are strings of amino acids, known as polypeptides. They fold into molecular sculptures (three dimensions), which they need in other to perform task that depend on their exact shapes and properties. Some proteins are at one side of the membrane while others go all the way through. Transmembrane protein channels transport specific molecules across the membrane. Majority of transmembrane protein have helical sections with other portions that are exposed on whichever side of the membrane. Helical section might come together to form tunnels. The helices cre ate a wave of contraction that moves ions from one side of the membrane to the other. Tiny ions, like potassium, calcium and sodium vigorously conduct across membranes by ATP-powered pumps. Some protein tunnels depend on gate to control the passive (inactive) flow of water and other polar molecules through the membrane bilayer. Protein chains might cross as beta sheet basket- like channels and allow larger molecules to pass. Protein chains might fasten in an electricity static state inside on leaflet, of the membrane, leaving the active domains to protrude (stick out) from the membrane. Long sugar chains (oligossacharides) attach to the external surface of the membrane proteins and glycolipids to form the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx declare the cells identity to the exterior. Membrane can overwhelm substances from the exterior. Endocytosis (membrane navigation) encloses large objects and drag them into the cell. Other viruses use their own membrane which can combine with the cell mem brane. (John Kyrk, 2010). Task 2.2 Explain the differences between osmosis, diffusion, active transport and bulk transport. Cells move water molecules, food particles, and other substances through the membranes. Things like water pass through easily, and others have to be moved through the channels. Solute; is a substance that dissolve in solvent to formulate solution, and solvent is a substance in which solute is dissolve to make a solution. Example is saltwater, in which salt is the solute, and water is the solvent. Diffusion is the mixing of two substances by random motion of molecules. Molecules move from an area of high concentration, to an area of low concentration. When the molecules spread out equally, diffusion stops, because there is no longer a concentration of gradient (steepness). Concentration gradient, is the difference between the concentration of molecule in one area and the concentration of molecule in an adjacent (beside) area. The system has reached its equilibrium, when the concentration of solute is the same throughout a system. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable (allows some types of things pass through) membrane. Water moves across membrane from a region of high concentration of water, to an area of low concentration of water. Facilitated diffusion is a movement of particles and diffusion across the cell membranes with the help of proteins in the membranes. Particles move down the concentration gradient going from high concentration to low concentration. Facilitated diffusion increases the rate of particles that cross the cell membrane. (biologymad.com, 2010) The process of diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, does not need any energy to be used by the cell. The three processes are known as passive transport. The processes by which the cell uses energy to move particles across the membrane, is known as active transport. The cell movement of things from low concentration, to high concentration, is known as active transport, because it needs energy to do so. The cell uses active transport to keep the right balance of sodium and potassium ions in and out of the cell. This balance is vital for muscle contraction, nutrient absorption, and nerve pulse transmission. Bulk transport is for the movement large particles in and out of the cell. During bulk transport, large particles move across cell membrane packed in membrane-bound sacs. Bulk transport is of two types; exocytosis and endocytosis. Exocytosis is to move from inside the cell, to outside the cell. Wastes and cell products are packaged by the Golgi body in sacs known as Golgi vesicles. The vesicles combine with the cell membrane and materials are secreted outside the cell. Endocytosis are materials brought into the cell. Part of the cell membrane surrounds a particle that is outside the cell. The cell pinches a part of its outer membrane to form a new vesicle. When the vesicle is within the cell, it can combine with other organelles or release its contents into cytoplasm. There are two types of endocytosis; the pinocytosis and the phagocytosis. Pinocytosis is when a cell membrane surrounds a droplet of fluid and bring into the cell. Phagocytosis is when a cell engulfs (overwhelm) a solid substance and bring into the cell. Phagocytosis engulfs (surrounds and swallow) and destroys bacteria and other invaders of the body. Hypertonic solution; the concentration of solutes is higher than the concentration of solutes inside the cell, example is potatoes in salt water, water left the cells (diffuses out) and the potatoes became flexible. Hypotonic solution; solutes concentration is lower than the concentration of solutes inside the cell. Water diffuses into the cell, an example, is potatoes in distilled water, the water came into the cells, making the cell to swell and the potatoes becomes rigid Isotonic solution; the concentration of solutes equals the concentration of solutes within the cell. (biologymad.com, 2010) Task 2.3 Give examples of materials exchanged by different methods with a justification in each case. Diffusion: is a very slow process, materials exchanged, are gases oxygen and carbon dioxide. The lungs have high concentration of oxygen (O2) in the air sacs (alveoli), and a low concentration of oxygen in the blood of pulmonary capillaries. Carbon dioxide (CO2) has a low concentration in the alveoli, and a high concentration in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. Oxygen diffuses from the air to the blood, and carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood to the air. (maexamhelp, 2010). Osmosis: it is where the cells lining the small intestine, absorb water. The exchanged material is salt. Cells take in salts and become more salty, and then water follows the salts into the cell. This process also takes place in kidneys because of its large demand of water. (maexamhelp, 2010) Active transport: nerves and muscle cells have sodium pump. Sodium ions (Na+) continually diffuse into the cell area of smaller concentration. Incoming sodium ions (Na+) are returned outside by the sodium pump. The nerve and muscle cells continually produce ATP to keep their sodium pump working. Another example is the assimilation of glucose and amino acids by the cells. The cells assimilate nutrients from digested food by the use of ATP. (maexamhelp, 2010). Filtration: blood pressure is formed by the pumping of the heart. Blood pressure force plasma and dissolve materials through the capillary membranes into the surrounding tissue spaces. This facilitates the creation of more tissue fluid and is also how cells get glucose, amino acids, and other nutrients. (Maexamhelp, 2010). Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis: cells that are stationary (immobile) receive small molecules that are attached to their membranes. The cells of the kidney tubules reabsorb small proteins by pinocytosis. (maexamhelp, 2010). Task 3.1 Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis and explain when each occurs. Mitosis and Meiosis are both cells that have tricky division processes. Duplication of DNA occurs in both of them. The difference between mitosis and meiosis is well understood only if we know what the two cell division processes are, and they are as follows: Mitosis is a cell division process that involves eukaryotic cell dividing the chromosomes in two identical set of two daughter nuclei inside its cell nucleus. This is followed by cytokinesis that equally divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane, into two daughter cells. Both mitosis and cytokinesis come together and form the mitotic (M) stage of the cell cycle. This series of events are divided into different stages known as prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Mitosis happens in different ways and in different species (types). Animals, for example, go through an open mitosis process which involves the breaking down of the nuclear envelope before the chromosomes separate, and the fungi and yeast go through a close mitosis process in which the chromosomes divide inside an intact cell (undamaged cell) nucleus. (buzzle.com, 2010) Meiosis is a reduction division process that halves the number of chromosomes per cell. The DNA in the original cell is duplicated during S-phase of the cell cycle, before it starts. Meiosis separates the identical chromosomes into four haploid (a single set of unpaired chromosomes) gametes. If gametes are produced, the cells will fuse (combine) during fertilisation to produce a new diploid cell (two matched chromosomes sets). Meiosis go through fertilisation in plants. The different stages of meiosis are meiosis l, prophase l, metaphase l, anaphase l, telophase l and ll. Meiosis is needed for sexual reproduction, it occurs in all eukaryotes that reproduce sexually. It does not occur in archaea because they reproduce asexually (no fusion of male and female sex cells gametes). (buzzle.com, 2010) The differences between mitosis and meiosis are as follows: No. Mitosis Meiosis 1 Takes place inside somatic cells. Takes place inside gamete cells. 2 A single division of the mother cell results in two daughter cells. Two divisions of the mother cell results in four meiotic haploid gametes. 3 A mitotic mother cell can either be haploid or diploid. A meiotic mother cell always diploid. 4 The number of chromosomes per nucleus remains the same after division. The meiotic products contain haploid (n) number of chromosomes in contrast to the (2n) number of chromosomes in mother cell. 5 It is preceded by a S-phase in which the amount of DNA is duplicated. In meiosis, only meiosis is preceded by an S-phase. 6 In mitosis, there is no pairing of homologous (similar) chromosomes. During prophase l, complete pairing of all homologous chromosomes take place. 7 There is no exchange of DNA between chromosomes. There is at least one DNA exchange per homologous pair of chromosomes. 8 The centromeres (region joining two parts of chromosome) split during anaphase. The centromeres do separate during anaphase ll, but not during anaphase l. 9 The genotype type of the daughter cells is identical to that of the mother cells. Meiotic products differ in their genotype from the mother cell. 10 After mitosis, each daughter cell has exactly the same DNA strands. After meiosis, each daughter cell has only half of DNA strands. (buzzle.com, 2010) Task 4.1 Explain the need for cellular specialisation in multi-cellular organism. Each human cell has different shape and size that depend on their specialised function. Speed of cells division varies; it is very fast mostly in epithelial cells, and continually replaces itself. However, it is slow or non-existent in a structural complex cell. Specialised cells are: Epithelial cells: they are from the skin, and cover most organ and line hollow cavities. Photoreceptor cell: is a type of light-sensitive cell that is found in the retina of the eye. They are activated by bright light and are responsible for colour perception (interpreting information from senses). (Integrated body, 2010) Red blood cell: a bag of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin molecules. Its biconcave shape allow for maximum oxygen absorption. (Integrated body, 2010) Adipose (fat) cell: its main cells, adipocytes, are bulky (large) and are jam-packed with droplets of lipids (fats), which store energy in case the diet cannot meet requirements. (Integrated body, 2010) Smooth muscle cell: this large, elongated (extended), spindle-shaped cells of smooth muscle are called muscle fibres. Its shape allow for contraction by means of sliding strands of protein within. (Integrated body, 2010) Nerve cell: every cell consist of configuration of short extensions known as dendrites, which is to receive nerve signals, and also has a long wire called axon, which is to send signals to other cells. (Integrated body, 2010) Sperm (egg) cell: every sperm has a head that transport the paternal (fatherly) set of genetic substances. It has a whip-like tail that propels it towards the egg. (Integrated body, 2010) Ovum (egg) cell: they are giant cells and contain the maternal (motherly) complement of genetic material, and energy resources for the first cell divisions that shape early embryo. (Integrated body, 2010) Task 4.2 Describe major tissue types and their functions. Tissues are groups of similar cells that carry out a common function. There are four groups of tissues in our body. They are epithelial, connective, muscle and nerve. Major tissue types and functions, are as follows: (Integrated body, 20100 Areola: a loose connective tissue, half-solid, allows food to pass through, inside has two other connective tissue types. They are yellow elastic and white fibrous with fibrocytes and mast cells that manufacture histamine a protective inflammation and heparin an anti-coagulant. They are mostly found in the body, connecting and supporting other tissues, such as between muscles and supporting blood vessels and nerves. They function as connection and support to other tissues. Adipose: these are fat cells that have fat globules. They are located between muscle fibres, under skin, around kidneys and at back of eyes. Their function is to protect, insulate and act as food reserve. Lymphoid: half (semi) solid tissue, some white fibres, lots of cells, of which majority are lymphocytes and reticular cells. They are found in lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, tonsils, appendix, walls, of large intestine and glands of small intestine. They function to form lymphatic system cells and blood cells. Lymphocytes and reticular cells function to control disease. Yellow elastic: this is elastic fibres, and very few cells. They are located in the lung tissue, bronchi and trachea, arteries, stomach, bladder and other stretchy or recoiling organs. They function as tissue enabling great expansion and recoil (shrink back). White fibrous: it is a strongly connective tissue, but not elastic. They are mostly closely packed bundles of collagen fibres. The fibres run in same direction. They form ligaments and periosteum (material making up bones) of bone. They form outer protection of organs, for example, protection of kidneys, brain and muscle fascia. Their function is connection and protection. Bone: it is the hardest structure of the body. It is compact outside and cancellous (not solid) inside. It has 25% water, 30% organic substance, and 45% inorganic salts. It is found in the skeleton. As compact, it functions as dense for strength, support and protection. And as cancellous, it functions as structure bearing and cellular development. Blood: is a fluid connective tissue, it has forty five percent cells, and fifty five percent plasma. It circulates inside cardio vascular system, and cells in cell production location. Its function is to transport food and oxygen to all cells and removal of waste from them. It also fights infection and clot blood. Cartilage: it is firm, tough, solid tissue. It has cells known as chondrocytes, and is of three types. Hyaline; is a blue and white smooth chondrocyte cells grouped together in a solid matrix (medium) and mainly resilient (hard-wearing). It covers parts of bone that form joints. The costal cartilages, parts of larynx, trachea and bronchi. Its role is connection and protection. Yellow elastic cartilage; these are fibres running (flowing) through a solid matrix. It contains fibrocytes and chondrocytes between multi-directional fibres. They are found in the pinna, the external cartilage of the ear, epiglottis, flap which prevents food and liquid entering trachea. It is flexible function. White fibrocartilage; white fibres packed with dense masses (lump). They are tough, a bit flexible, and contain chondrocytes. It is located in intervertebral discs, semi-lunar cartilages, and hip and shoulder sockets. Its function is to absorb shock. Task 4.3 Analyse body systems and assess the interdependence of their functions. The body systems are group of parts that are connected. They include organs and tissues that work together to perform particular functions. The system has separate processes inside the body, and each is dependent on the others. They work together as efficient functioning supportive system. Skeletal system: this is the skeleton, it a solid framework that is moveable and supportive of the body. It is where the rest of the body is built. The bone has a role in the other body systems. It is where white and red blood cells grow to build up a fatty tissue called red marrow. Its essential minerals, such as calcium, are stored in the bone, and to be released when there is shortage. Muscular system: it consist about half of the bodys bulkiness. It works with the skeleton, and its voluntary muscles allow the body to be exact in movements. The involuntary muscles, that comprise the heart muscle and the smooth muscle, are meant to provide the essential power (force) for the working (functioning) of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and the digestive systems. Nervous system: this is the brain, and it is the site of both consciousness and creativity. The brain, through the nerves of the spinal cord and the system of nerves that branch to all other parts of the body, controls all body movement. It also communicates with the endocrine glands and influences the functions of the other body system. Endocrine system: this is the hormones and chemicals that act (take action) on specified tissues, and then affect the bodys interior balance. It is secreted by endocrine glands and other organs. It flows in the blood and other body fluids, and also starts the changes that take place during puberty. Cardiovascular system: its most basic function is pumping blood around the body. It supplies all organs and tissues with oxygenated nutrient blood. It can get use to changes in demand quickly. Waste products are removed during blood circulation. Lymphatic system: it provides very important protection from infectious disease and also prevents malfunctioning of the internal tissues. (JK, 2010) Respiratory system: it is made up of the nose (nasal cavities), which filter inward bound air. Also consists of the pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, the lungs and the air sacs. It is the site of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange. Digestive system: the work of the digestive system is to reduce large and complex substances to water soluble so that the cell can use them. The process is both physical and chemical. The digestive system is of two parts; the alimentary canal (mouth, anus, throat, oesophagus, stomach), and the small and large intestines. Urinary system: its excretory organs get rid of liquid wastes. The nephrons filter the blood and remove unwanted substances as wastes, and return necessary substances and fluids to the blood. The expelling of urine waste is started by the voluntary relaxing of the sphincter. In the female, the urethra empties in the area between the clitoris and the vagina opening. And in the male, urethra, which is about twenty centimetres long, runs through the penis. Male reproductive system: it is where sperm are produced and contained in the scrotum. The sperm and its fluid are known as semen. The semen is ejaculated into the urethra and penis, and from there, into the females vagina. Female reproductive system: it is about seven to ten centimetres long, receives the sperm from the male. The sperm must reach the uterus. The cilia assist the sperm as they swim up towards the egg. A fertilised egg is formed if a sperm enters the egg, and it is called zygote. The zygote passes through the uterus and becomes attached to its lining. The cells increases and develop into fetus (unborn offspring). (Human Anatomy, 1982). Homeostasis: all of the human bodys systems work together to maintain equilibrium, two of the body systems are very important for the maintenance of homeostasis. They are the nervous and endocrine systems.

Graduation Speech: I Have No Regrets :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I thought that I'd start by taking a picture, being as this is the last time that I'm going to see the majority of you. So could everybody smile? OK, now that that is done with, I would like to start out with a quote. "As people used to be wrong about the motion of the sun, so they are still wrong about the motion of the future. The future stands still, it is we who move in infinite space." (Rainer Maria Rilke, German poet). Webster's dictionary describes commencement as a beginning. Perhaps many of you believed that commencement was an ending. So instead of today being an ending, it is a day to celebrate a new beginning. But the big question is the beginning of what? It has been 13 long years since that first day of kindergarten. It may seem ages ago, but that was only one beginning. This first chapter of our lives is now ending, and we are here today to celebrate the beginning of the next, new stage in our life. It's sad, but true, that after this day, we are all going to go our separate ways. Some of us are headed to college, while others are going to work, or already own their own business. Whatever it is, it is going to be something different than any of us are used to. Even though this is a celebration of a new beginning, we couldn't possibly move on without remembering the past. I don't know about everybody else, but even now, this still feels unreal. I have been waiting for this day since sixth grade, and it is strange that it is finally here. I have had so much fun these past 13 years with all of the friends that I have made. I want to thank everybody for all of the memories throughout the years. It was you guys that made school fun and interesting. From back in elementary school getting intense on the four square court or playing some tetherball, to the Friday night football games and volleyball matches, and the whole time enjoying every minute of it just because I was hanging out with my friends. I hope that you made your time here was worth it because you have to live your life to the fullest. We don't know how long we have on this planet so cherish every moment like it is your last.

General George Smith Patton Essay -- Papers

General George Smith Patton A burning desire to go forth and reach personal conquests exists inside every man. This passion often navigates the would-be hero into a state of tragedy involving pain and suffering for those around. One individual, in particular, inflicted strain and duress on others with a harsh, and often criticized unorthodox style of leading when he took his campaign across Europe and into Germany. General George Smith Patton, Jr. led an expedition across a continent to rid the world of its Nazi powers. This journey marked the conquest of perhaps the world's greatest war general and his reputable demeanor. Patton experienced respect and admiration throughout his life, starting very early when he was just an infant. He was born into a highly respected and extremely wealthy family in San Gabriel, California. It was this early taste of good fortune that allowed Patton to develop a taste for fine things such as horses. Growing up he was an avid polo player and became very good especially in college. After attending exquisite private schools, Patton left and attended the U.S. Military Academy and graduated in 1909. (WB 140) After his graduation, Patton joined the cavalry and eventually served in World War I. Patton was an excellent physical specimen and a strong addition to any early fighting battalion. Along to go with his sleek build was a strong mentality of perseverance and excellence, which he drilled into his life everyday. "From his earliest years, he believed himself destined to be a soldier. Much of his life was spent in the limelight. As a young cavalry officer and well-rounded athlete, he competed in five events during the 1912 Olympic games held in Stockholm, Sweden. He placed ... ... Essame, H. Patton: A Study in Command. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1974. Farago, Ladislas. The Last Days of Patton. New York: McGraw Hill Book Company. 1981. Mysak, Joe. "Patton: The Man Behind the Legend 1885-1945." National Review. 38 (April 25, 1994): 52-53. "An Educated Army." Africe News Service. 11 Feb. 2000: 179. Patton. Dir. Franklin J. Schaffner. 20th Century Fox, 1970. New Line Home Video, 1985. "Patton." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Second Edition. 12. Orozco-Radisson. Cole. Detroit. 1998. "Patton's Plan for Winning the War." Newsweek. 8 Mar. 1999: 48. "General George S. Patton, Jr. Biography." 2000 WriteForCash.com. http://www.allsands.com/generalgeorgep_ra_gn.htm. "George Smith Patton, Jr." GSP. 1 Jun. 1998. http://www.angelfire.com/sys/popup_source.shtml.

My College Experience :: Personal Narrative Writing

My College Experience My decision to change schools from The University of North Texas to come to Penn State, leaving behind friends I had made was a difficult and long process. The months leading to the decision were filled with a lot of stress, and put strain on family and friends alike. Adding to the situation was the strain of my not having a car, and not being able to afford to fix my current one. Even with these factors pressuring me, I think I managed to make the right decision, and left UNT, and came to Penn State. I should have known right from the start that I would have problems. My first day on the UNT campus I was told I would have to redo nearly all of my previous college work. They had different history, language, and English requirements than did my community college from Pennsylvania, and despite providing course descriptions, the classes that did match up, were named differently that theirs, so they denied transferring nearly all of my classes. After a fight, I resolved to take the classes that they required differently from my community college, for example, American History, where I had European history. Things were not fixed yet, but at least I was taking classes, and making progress.To further worsen things, I fell ill not a week into the semester. An initial strain of the flu had me running a fever of 102, and made me pretty much unable to do anything. I managed to get over it in about a week, but then I got a secondary infection which once again raised my body temperature to 102+. I finally went to see a doctor. He explained what happened why my fever broke and came back. He also prescribed antibiotics and cough medicine which got me on my feet again after another week. When I came back, professors were not willing to work with me at all, doctor’s note or no doctor’s note. My physics class even had a test the first day I was back, and I was forced to take it totally unprepared. Needless to say I failed the test miserably. To my surprise, so did the rest of the class. I managed to catch up in all my other classes to the point where I could expect a C, but I never recovered from physics, and ended up needing to retake it, and having my GPA smudged.

As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Questions

Zinn Chapter 7: As Long as Grass Grows or Water Runs Questions 1. Chapter 7 deals immensely with the Native Americans and their survival based upon the government taking their lands. 2. Zinn showed the impact of the Indian removal by talking about the book Fathers and Children, which shows statistics of the matter. 3. When Thomas Jefferson was Secretary of State, he believed that the Indians should just be left alone. Once he became president, he wanted to remove the Indians. I believe he did this because he wanted to gain popularity.4. Andrew Jackson’s early political/military career foreshadowed his Indian policies as President because he was always was a tough and violent guy and hated the Indians since day one. Now, as president, he fully was pro-Indian removal and supported the bill to remove Indians.5. Zinn, unlike traditional histories, believes that it was no just a war against Great Britain for survival, but essentially a war for land to expand the country.6. Zinn’s view of Arthur Schlesinger’s The Age of Jackson and Marvin Meyers’ The Jackson Persuasion is that the books concentrate more on his political and economic accounts, not on his years battling the Indians. Both books make Jackson look like the good man; they don’t mention anything about him owning slaves and other heinous truths about him.7. Cherokees desired to fit into society. They began owning slaves an adopted Christianity as their religion.8. The purpose of Zinn stating that Jackson was declaring states’ rights for Georgia on the Cherokee question but attacking South Carolinas right to to nullify a federal tariff to show that Jackson wanted to stay popular9. The Trail of Tears was the removal of the Cherokee Indians by the government, from Georgia to Oklahoma.10. The significance of the phrase â€Å"As long as grass grows or water runs† means basically that it’ll never happen. Jackson had used this phrase on the Indians. He said that the Indians could have their land and that no settlers would steal it from them, but Jackson had lied to the Indians because there land was still taken.

Buddhism vs Jainism

There are great differences as well as similarities when comparing Buddhism and Jainism. The major difference that stands out to me would the doctrines of these religions. Mahavira and Buddha parted ways over doctrine differences. Mahavira and Buddha were powerful and charismatic in the eyes of society. They both obtained the amazing skill to convince and influence which are extremely important in start-up religions. Naturally, these two religions often disagreed over finer aspects of their prospective beliefs. Buddhism was more defined in its criticizing of Jainism. Both sought to convert others. The leaders of the two seemed to have put great efforts in support of finding converts. Both leaders, Buddha and Mahavira were from royal families. Mahavira was the last and most popular of the thirthakaras. These people worshipped in temples as â€Å"enlighten beings† who live on earth as humans. Buddhism was actually founded by Siddharta Gautama who later became Buddha entering his mother’s right side white elephant. Jainism and Buddhism were considered atheistic religions. Neither believes a â€Å"supreme God† exist. However, Buddhism seems to be more agnostic due to speculation that Buddha refused to publicly denounce or dismissed the idea of a â€Å"supreme God†. Both Jainism and Buddhism believe that karma is the force that is responsible for suffering on earth. Unlike Buddhism, Jains believe karma is not just a result of ones actions. However, karma is a real substance that becomes attached to each jiva, like impurity, performing many actions while on earth. In Buddhism the eightfold Path and four Noble Truths are what are needed to minimize the effects of negative karma and strive for their ‘salvation’. Both religions believe in liberation. There are great differences regarding who achieves this. Jains believe souls become entangled in the causative phenomena and fall to the law of karma. If liberated souls are pure and divine, but if bound they result in birth and death. According to Jain doctrine, the soul can free itself from suffering of physical life by leading a pure life as taught the thirrthankaras. Buddhism does not believe eternal souls exist. Therefore liberation is physical and mental perspective. This would be considered an individualistic approach. This indicates this person is not eternal neither Devine. Nirvana is a state in which the person’s personality becomes free. Buddhism opposed the order of the Vedic society system that divides people in caste. The Jain did not technically oppose the cast system; however everyone was treated equally under the umbrella of Jainism. Buddha’s teachings also revealed that humans suffered on earth as a direct result of negative karma, becoming attached and full of worldly desires. The Buddhism belief is the world is filled with evil and discomfort. Man is bound to the cycle of births and deaths until righteously committed. Buddhism opposed rituals of Vedic religion and concentrated more on righteous living to achieve liberation. Jainism did not oppose religious rituals. They worshipped the thithankaras in Jain temples. Jain is an austere religion; it focuses more on the individual’s actions and purity for gaining liberation. Buddhism has gained more notoriety than Jainism worldwide, most likely due to its practices. Besides, a major difference lies in the dominions of both the religions. Though both, Buddhism and Jainism, developed and originated individually in India, but difference how they went about teaching and converting. While Buddhism went abroad to other parts of the India, Central Asia, far eastern countries, and parts of North America and Europe as well. Jainism remained confined to India and seems to stagnate as it pertains to growth. Buddhism today is culturally diverse.

Documentary Film Analysis of Tough Guise Essay

Documentaries are useful as research sources. They are also used quite frequently as supplemental learning tools in the classroom. A common writing assignment is a critical review or analysis of films. A good review will explain how the film has enhanced the learning experience, but it should also provide an account of your personal response. There are several standard components of a review: Step 1 Give details of the documentary †¢Title of the film or documentary: Be sure to name the film in your first paragraph. State the date of its release. †¢Intended Audience Step 2 Explain the purpose of the documentary †¢What is the purpose of the documentary? †¢What is the main message the director wants to get across to the audience? †¢What sources are used? Step 3 State your prior knowledge of the subject †¢Did you know anything about the subject before you watched the documentary? †¢What did you expect to see? †¢What questions did you have about the subject? Step 4 Summarize the documentary †¢Who/what is the subject of the documentary? †¢What happened in the documentary? †¢What are the main events? †¢Where was it filmed? Step 5 Talk about the sound effects, camera work, interviews, special effects †¢Do you like the sound effects? †¢Are the images sharp? †¢How is the filming? What camera angles were used? †¢Do you like the interviews? What have you learned from the interviews? †¢Are there any special effects? Step 6 Give personal comments and recommendation †¢Which part of the documentary do you like most? Include specific reasons for likes and dislikes. You can’t say â€Å"it was boring† unless you provide justification. †¢What have you learned from it? †¢Was there anything that surprised you? †¢What are the drawbacks of the documentary? Again, include specific reasons. †¢Would you recommend this documentary to your friends? Why?

Different Theories of Management Essay

Nowadays we have new implementing plans for management. The different theories of management are: classical, behavioral, quantitative and quality management theory, systematic and contingency management theory. The classical management theory focuses on finding the â€Å"one best way† to accomplish and manage task (p. 37,2008. W. Plunkett, R. Attner, G. Allen). The behavioral management theory recognizes employees as individuals with real human needs. It is very important for the manager to establish trusted relationships and value his/her employees. Successful leader will put his staff first. Good communication with employees- key to success! From my personal experience, I had bad first-level management in our department. The most important, I felt that, they are using employees as a machine in the factory, like in old days practices. There were no communication connection between workers and â€Å"the boss†. All they wanted to know your working schedule: â€Å"When are you coming to work or can you stay late today? â€Å" I could not work there for a long time. There was no teamwork feeling and very poor customer service. Now, I have a better place to work, where the leaders appreciate and value you. I definitely have closer relationship with management. Our manager has a good communication skills, she creates a warm, productive atmosphere. We solve problems together as a team. I am proud to say that we only get a positive feedback from our customers. The quantitative management theory uses mathematical tools to help plan, control and analyze nearly everything in an organization. Quality management process is leading to ability to meet the needs of the customers. Total quality comes from satisfied customers. The systems management theory powers that an organization comprises various parts that must perform tasks necessary for the survival and proper functioning of the system as a whole. Human resources management is a core of the organization, because those people responsible for interviewing people and checking their professional skills. The contingency management theory is based on the premise that manager’s preferred actions or approaches depend on the variables of the situations they face (p. 50,2008). Early Management Theories In the past, the old system required the boss to do everything. For example, to manage, planning, processing, thinking, finance and analyze budget. Frederick Taylor (1856-1915) â€Å"The Father of Scientific Management†. Scientific Management theory arose from the need to increase productivity in the U. S. A. especially, where skilled labor was in short supply at the beginning of the twentieth century. The only way to expand productivity was to raise the efficiency of workers. Taylor devised four principles for scientific management theory, which were: 1. The development of a true science of management, 2. The scientific selection and training of workers, 3.  Proper remuneration for fast and high-quality work 4. Equal division of work and responsibility between worker and manager Successful management requires an understanding of the fundamental concepts of effective management techniques and principles. In order to gain such insight, and manage effectively and efficiently, managers must develop an awareness of past management principles, models and theories. From the turn of the 20th Century, the need for a formal management theory was growing evident; organizations required a system to guide managers in an attempt to improve productivity and efficiency of workers. This urgency for a theory saw the development of six major management approaches, the focus of this essay will be on two of the classical management theories; the scientific management theory and the human relations movement. The contributions of both these theories will be examined, followed by an analysis of the similarities and differences that these two theories propose. The last point will see a discussion of the relevance that these two theories have in modern managerial practice.

Comparative Politics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparative Politics - Research Paper Example Democracy can be perceived as equality and liberty. A democratic nation is liberal thereby allowing its citizens to have the power to rule it, to be equal before the law and have equal access to the law. Elections are periodically held to choose representatives for the governmental body that will exercise its supreme power. The distinctive principles of democracy include freedom of speech, press and political expression. Sovereignty, on the other hand, refers to a body that has independent power over people. A sovereign state can be regarded as having absolute authority of lawmaking (Almond et al. 101-120). Russia for a long time had been ruled by the Soviet Union using communism which attained its downfall in 1991. Thereafter, the United Russia party led by Russian Executive President Vladimir Putin introduced sovereign democracy in the Russian regime. However, the "sovereign democracy" practiced in Russian does not emanate democratic principles, a fact that has placed Vladimir Putin's political program under constant criticism (Almond et al. 355). According to Economist Intelligent Unit, the United Russian presidential political party aims at increasing its power of the international exchange system. The party intends to strengthen its powers to control the economic, political and administrative structure. The Russian doctrine of "sovereign democracy" emanates principles that are in contrast with democratic principles such as restrictions in the mass media and citizen's freedom (Almond et al. 356). The Russian democracy can, therefore, be viewed as managed democracy because the Russian political system is strictly supervised and regulated thereby denying Russian citizens freedom of expressing their political will. Although this fact is highly denied by the Russian authority for instance Vladislav Surkov who is the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office and advisor of the president as he provides analytical and organizational information which is crucial to the president insists that the Russian political system is governed by sovereign democracy (Almond et al. 356). According to the Russian doctrine of Sovereign democracy, no one can make attest to owning or having power over the Russian nation as explained in the Russian constitution. However, critically looking at the idea imposed by the Russian constitution the concept behind sovereign democracy can be viewed as nationalism. Russia perceives its state to be more superior than other states, therefore, it is ready to impose radical political force over other states if it senses any signs of threat. This means that Russia is a powerful nation which is not ready to be influenced by global monopolies or dictatorship (Almond et al. 362-370).Therefore, Russia can be perceived as indirectly opposing worldwide globalization which is encouraged by the western countries especially the United States. However, according to Surkov, the doctrine of Russian sovereign democracy aims at first prioritizing the interests of the country. This can be depicted in the economic, social and cultural success that the country has gained in global politics. Russia has managed to restore its governance in the Chechen Republic.

European Union- Treaty of Lisbon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

European Union- Treaty of Lisbon - Essay Example The EU is simply a politico-economic union that comprises of 28 countries, primarily found in the continent of Europe. In its functioning, the union operates via systems that comprise of various supranatural and independent institutions as well as intergovernmental decisions that are negotiated by the member countries. Some of the institutions that facilitate the functioning of the European Union include the union’s parliament, EU council, the Union’s court of justice as well as the union’s central bank among others. It is important to note that the origin of the European can be traced back to the EEC (European Economic Community) and the ECSC (European Coal and Steel Community). These two unions were composed of six countries that were its founding members, between 1951 and 19581. The years that followed saw the union grow and increase in membership; this was also facilitated by the inclusion of several other treaties and policies. The members of the union as at 1993, created the current name of the EU after agreeing to the Maastricht treaty; this treaty was essential in establishment of the concept of European Citizenship2. The union stayed and functioned under the provisions of the Maastricht Treaty until in 2009, when the members states made some major amendments in the legal framework of the treaty. The treaty of Lisbon was signed in order to make amendments to the EU on basis of its constitution. This treaty is also referred to as the treaty of reform, according to the amendments and reforms in brought to the laws that created the European Union3. The treaty can simply be described as the international agreement that played a key role in the amendment of initial treaties that created the EU, forming the basis of its constitution. It is important to note that the Treaty of Lisbon came into effect after the member states signed into it in 2007, but was officially put into active use in 2009. The Lisbon treaty

Dreams websites evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dreams websites evaluation - Term Paper Example Dreams are part of a human being’s life.It is said to be products of the subconscious mind, defined and described in numerous ways by experts and those who subjectively experience the dream itself.So much is the impact of dreams to man, that he struggles to remember and find the meaning of such reverie as he awakens. Many have tried to interpret dreams, as these illusions are surprisingly connected between individuals through common objects and events. Two different websites, visited on March 22, 2011, regarding dreams will be tackled in the present paper, evaluating them according to several factors. Websites on dreams As mentioned, the websites visited concern things as dreams and nightmares, finding their meanings and interpreting them. The first site can be found at http://dreamsleep.net/, Dream Meanings - Interpreting the Hidden Meaning of Dreams, created and maintained by Craig Hamilton-Parker T/A Q.K.E. Ltd. The website is full of materials and multimedia that would aid the Internet user in analyzing his or her dreams. In addition, they have live psychic readings, where the dreamer can choose a specific psychic through the profiles given in a particular section of the website. The other website, Dreams & Nightmares, can be found at http://www.dreamsnightmares.com/index.html. No name of the individual or corporation who or that established it is found, but it is hosted by Theorem.ca. It also has several sections emphasizing on dream analysis, symbols, common instances, et cetera. The author(s) of the text written in the site answer certain dream situations with the emphasis of the dreamer’s â€Å"personal touch,† reminding that the interpretation of each reverie is subjective and relative. It gives links to books that may be purchased if the Internet user wants to read more on a certain topic. Appraisal Dream Meanings has several sections that are easily located. The main page also has a video of Craig Hamilton-Parker, who orients the website visitors of the community he and his team have prepared to help dreamers in finding meanings and interpreting their visions psychologically or spiritually, whether they be common or unusual dreams. Links to several dream videos and articles can be found on the right side of the page, and other resources are also accessible by merely clicking on topics which you want to browse. When opening a specific section, one can see that there are other sets of resources and multimedia available. There are visible ads and psychic reading numbers as well. The website is overall â€Å"visitor-friendly,† with easy to read fonts, font sizes and appropriate colored layout that would not visually strain the visitor. Dreams & Nightmares has less resources compared to the previous site. Sections that deal with interpretation, symbols, et cetera, are also available. The main page is bare compared to the other, comprising only of text explaining dreams and nightmares, with small pictures. The font and font size make the text readable, but its fineness placed on a white background may make it hard to read among website visitors who have visual problems. Promotions of certain books and reading materials that could be purchased online can also be found there. As noticed, the style in the sections are usually the same, where someone expresses his or her dream and the author answers the concern and how the dream could be interpreted according to the context of the dreamer. Generally speaking though, it is not hard to go through the site, but an individual trying to dig the most information he or she can about a certain dream may not be satisfied with the content of the website. Comparison In comparing both sites, I would personally recommend Dream Meanings over Dreams & Nightmares. At first glance, the former appears to be more â€Å"visitor-friendly† than the latter. To those who are deeply bothered by their dreams, Dream Meanings somehow flaunts that it can cate r to their needs. For instance, there are videos that can be watched to help the

How you have experienced social change in Qatar over the last 5 years Essay

How you have experienced social change in Qatar over the last 5 years or so - Essay Example The above changes are largely because Qatar has been hosting numerous sporting events. Mubarak Al Mana, who is the head of the country’s women’s sport committee, has played an important role in supporting women’s involvement in sports. Apart from the increase in the number of women participating in the country’s labor force, most of them tend to focus in certain occupations, particularly teaching and clerical jobs. As the Qatar society started the complex process of implementing social change decade ago, the imbalanced status of women became prominent. It also became a difficult obstacle. Nevertheless, the country has taken vital recognizable steps in the past five years to ensure that women have similar privileges as men. For instance, women have the privilege to vote and contend for any political position during their parliamentary elections (Great Britain, 2004). In 2010, Sheikha Maha Mansour was appointed as the first woman judge in the country. This greatly indicated how Qatar was experiencing a speedy social change. The situation also created an important example to other women who are currently studying different courses previously meant for men. Another recognizable social change is the organization of the family laws. Formerly, resolutions of family problems were dependent on the judge’s understanding of Islamic law. However, this has changed since 2003 when women were given th e privilege to participate in public life and business. In addition, they also have the privilege to travel alone because laws requiring a guardian’s authority for a woman to be given a passport were withdrawn during this

Moral Obligation by Bentham Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Moral Obligation by Bentham - Essay Example According to Bentham, "Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as determine what we shall do." (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p. 282). How a person perceives such obligations to be accepted or rejected, depends upon the conditions it describes make it fair to adopt the stance or not. Moral obligations can be referred to those errands, which one considers to be an essential instance of personality to be adopted. It depends upon as to what extent one feels him socially responsible to be answerable to those instances. These instances show the extent of how much a person is humanistic in behaviour and shows that the conditions of rational power satisfy this constraint: that it is fair to hold people morally responsible if they possess the rational power to grasp and apply moral reasons, and to control their behavior by the light of those reasons. As far as my opinion is concerned I believe every individual in this society has a right to live and let live and not only live but live happily and contentedly which can only possible if one is aware as how to justify morality whatever be the circumstances, this morality teaches us as to how to least expect from the society and giving the society the best we possess in moral notions. When it comes to 'expectations', episodes of guilt, resentment, and indignation are the outcomes of our justifications. Once this interpretation of the reactive emotions is in place, we can draw on it to account for the stance of holding people morally responsible. That stance is characterized by the responses of blame and moral sanction; to understand the stance, we therefore need an interpretation of blame and morals. We should consider those facts that we believe society expects from us, rather than what we expect from society. Only in this case we would be able to fulfil our moral obligation toward s society, our country and above all, ourselves. Â  Euthanasia - Is it immoral to allow Euthanasia to a patient "Euthanasia is the deliberate production of the death of a human being on the grounds that in his situation it is considered that it is better that he should be dead than that he should continue to live". (Wilkinson, 1990, p. 10) Many thinkers and philosophers believe that Euthanasia is immoral. According to Rachels, "thinkers oppose killing patients in any circumstances whatever. However, they think it is all right, in some special circumstances, to allow patients to die by withholding treatment". If we view 'Euthanasia' in the light of philosophical rationalizations, we would come to know what Epicurus has tried to explain, "death is nothing to us. For all good and evil consists in sensation, but death is deprivation of sensation. And therefore a right understanding that death is nothing to us makes the mortality of life enjoyable, not because it adds to it an infinite span of time, but because it takes away the craving for immortality". (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p . 291) As said by Epictetus, "Some things are under our control, while others are not under our control". (Moore, "Moral and Political Philosophy", p. 293)

Sydney White 2007 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sydney White 2007 - Essay Example It is in this condition that she thinks of how she can plead the sorority of her parents. The young girl works exceptionally hard in school until she secures herself a scholarship. The scholarship lands her into a college where she can follow the footsteps of her mother. Her mother was a woman of dignity and hard work since she had education. In college, Sydney has the assurance that she must go back to where her mother comes from and ask to be taken as one of them. The movie triggers different emotions to different viewers. Some argue that the movie is just one of the must-have because of the way it flows (White). This is true because the plot of the movie has flow and one can be able to track what Sydney does after she is faced with these predicaments. The other thing that the viewers like about the movies is the way it takes to explain different times. This is evident in the way Sydney is goes back to her mothers home to claim that she is her daughter . Her going makes her realize just how times have moved since even the sisters of her mother show no concern to her. The movie is again set in a great scene by the way Sydney keeps changing her location. I agree with the reviewers because the movie revolves around home, campus and the neighborhoods. By watching the movie in this location I agree with the writers that one can never get bored. The movie seeks to explain the different ways in which a young girl has to fight for her rights and reach to the finishing line. It is because of this reason that the viewers say that the movie is not only moving but also thrilling. The other thing that makes the viewers appreciate the movie is the way in which the young girl incorporates comedy into the movie. The main character is talented in that she can be able to act serious issues and yet thrill the crowd. I affirm that the movie is the kind that every person would stay tuned to the end. The movie has credit for being not too short or too long for the viewers. The rev iewers insist that the movie is just the right length and covers all the areas without leaving the viewers in suspense. Other viewers though have different views concerning the movie. The movie has been criticized for not incorporating all the aspects in it. This means that the movie is lacking in such areas as suspense and action (White). In my own opinion, the movie is okay because there is absolutely no movie that can trigger all emotions within a viewer. Different people have different views concerning things and people see things in different perspectives. Other people criticize the movie at a personal level by saying that the main actor does not know how to act. However, this is based on personal interests and opinions and I think that the viewers are just malicious. This explains that different people see things differently and that is okay. Others argue that the movie is just a fairy tale and that it is built on fiction only. This is because it shows actions that are controv ersial to the viewers. Such actions include such things as the young girl living in the community of construction of workers . The critiques argue that this is not just obvious and she cannot live with freshmen as a girl. This is because all this are men and her life would not be in safe hands. The movie revolves around the story of the young girl to the end without deviating. The main character again plays her role with a lot of prowess and tact.  

Assignment 1 Reflective Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Assignment 1 Reflective Report - Essay Example One approach that employees use to fight for their rights is the formation of unions that advocate for the rights of the people within a specific industry. In this regard, the contemporary society has witnessed the formation of powerful trade unions that advocate for the rights of the people that they represent in order to obtain better working conditions and remuneration. The empowerment of employees, by these trade unions and other measures such as legislations that protect them from their employers, has been partly due to the current systems of governance that underlines the need of rebelling against ruling bodies that commit offences. Therefore, these power-related organisations are a way of the employees asserting their authority. Through the activities of trade unions, in organisations, employees assert their power by maintaining checks on their employer’s activities and ensure that the employer did not infringe on their rights. For example, most organisational policy on improvement of the working conditions and remuneration are not consistent with the law. ... Ward (2010) identifies Locke’s central idea of freedom based on the ability of individuals to intellectualize phenomena based on ideas. In this case, organisations and people in the contemporary society identify power as contestable. Consequently, this has been the reason why employees in organisations have the ability to contest decisions made by their bosses following down the laid down procedures by using courts or other legal avenues. On the other hand, various stakeholders contest for power in the contemporary societies especially in instances whereby they felt that the organisation was not being managed in the right away. Therefore, these power-related struggles between various stakeholders in an organisation are a result of the view that power can be contested with the rebellion replicating Locke’s view that people who are in authority may be deposed if they offended the natural law. In effect, this makes Locke’s theory of power the most relevant to explai n power-related phenomena in the modern world. Question 2 In the contemporary society, it is evident that the ruled rely on their rulers to make decisions that affect their daily lives. In this regard, the subjects identify the ruling class as the people who are responsible for provision of important resources in their lives. In fact, this supports Weber’s contention that the ruling elite make decisions that affect the people, which is against the premise that power is exercised by the people (â€Å"Elite Theories† 2013). It is a common occurrence for the ruling class to ask for power from the people they ruled while making promises on what they are going to accomplish to these people. In this case, the ruling elite